Prework Study Guide

HTML

Common page element types that can be added in HTML include text, image, headers, and lists.
The head element contains information about the webpage.
Head elements cannot be visible for the end users.
The body element represents the visible content shown to the user.
HTML elements are CASE SENSITIVE.
Attributes define additional information about an element, always added in the beginning element, neve in the closing element.
METADATA tags are unseen information that gives details about accessibility, search engine listing and performance.
Elements nested inside other elements are called child elements.
Visible HTML elements have an opening and closing tag.

CSS is a programming language used to define how a webpage content is presented to users.
CSS defines colours, aesthetics, visual layout, and organization.
There are three ways to style a webpage with CSS: Inline, Internal CSS style sheet and External CSS style sheet.
A selector defines the element or attributes to which the rules, or declarations will apply.
The declarations contain two important elements: the CSS property we want to apply, and the value of the property.
CSS box model includes Margin, Border, Padding, and Content.
A margin indicates how much space we want around the outside of an element.
A padding indicates how much space we want around the content inside an element.
Using an asterisk (*) creates a selector that applies the rules to all the visible elements on a webpage.
You can combine two selectors by using a comma (,), which avoids repetition for sections where the same rules apply.
Class Attributes allow us to share a CSS rule to any element we choose by assigning the rule to a class attribute with a class selector.
Class Attributes can then be assigned to the element in the HTML, enabling us to choose which elements will be assigned the CSS rule.
We can assign a class selector by adding a period (.) before the name of the selector.

Git = the most commonly used version control software.
Commands always start with git and are used to track and save versions of our code.
Git is great for tracking changes locally on the computer.
Git Hub = cloud based hosting service that allows you to keep track of projects, called repositories, stored remotely.
Branch = working within the repo, making changes without affecting the live site before approval.
Commit changes = saving a new version of a file you're working on, must be used whenever you add, edit or delete a file.
Pull Request = Asking for changes on your branch to be pulled in or merged into another branch.
Issue = A way to report a new task or content fixes.
git status =checks what branch we are currently on.
git checkout -b branch-name = creates a new branch and switches to it.
git branch = lists your branches and a * will appear next to the currently active branch.
git merge [branch] = merge the specified branch's history into the current one.
git pull = fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch.
git push [alias] [branch] = transmit local branch commits to the remote repo branch.

A variable is a named container that allows us to store data in our code.
Control flow is the order in which a computer executes code in a script.
Operators are mathematical symbols that produce results based on two values or variables.
Conditionals are code structures that are used to test if an expression is truthy or falsy.
Arrays are a group of related data, that are useful to perform a task on multiple pieces of data at once.
for Loops use the predictable pattern of indices to perform a task on all the items in an array by allowing a single code block to be executed repeatedly.
Functions are a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a certain task.
Functions are different from forLoops, because while forLoops execute when the JS file is run, functions need to be called by name in order to be executed.